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According to Fraraday's Law, the magnitude of the induced emg, hence induced current, is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux, i.e. rate in which the magnetic field lines cut the solenoid and vice versa.
To get a higher induced current:
1) Increase the number of turns in the solenoid per unit length
2) Use a stronger magnet to increase the magnetic field strength
3) Insert the magnet in and out of solenoid at faster speed
To reverse the direction of the induced current:
1) Reverse the winding of the turns on the solenoid
2) Reverse the pole of the magnet
When the current flows through the solenoid, the U-shaped iron rod will become magnetised easily and strongly.
When the current is cut off, the iron rod will lose its magnetism easily.
Iron is used as the core rod as it is a soft magnetic material, it can be easily and strongly magnetised. In addition, iron has the ability to concentrate the magnetic field lines generated by the current-carrying solenoid.
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